Blockwise

Minecraft Travel Time Calculator

2026-10-14T00:00:00Z

How to use it

Enter the X and Z coordinates where you are and where you're going. The calculator shows the straight-line distance and how long the trip takes for each way of travelling. Tick Travel through the Nether to see the same trip at one-eighth the distance.

Times assume you travel in a straight line on flat ground at top speed, with no potion effects. Real trips take a little longer: hills, water and detours all slow you down.

Travel speeds

How you travel	Top speed (blocks per second)
Walking	4.317
Sprinting	5.612
Sprint-jumping	7.127
Boat on water	8.0
Minecart on powered rails	8.0
Horse	9.49 on average, up to 14.57 for the fastest
Creative flying	11.0 (22.0 sprint-flying)
Elytra with firework rockets	33.5
Boat on ice or packed ice	40.0
Boat on blue ice	72.73

An elytra in a steep dive can go faster than any of these, but you can't hold a dive for a whole trip, so rocket-boosted flight is the realistic number.

Why the Nether saves so much time

Every block you travel in the Nether covers 8 blocks in the Overworld. A 5,000-block trip becomes 625 blocks: under 2 minutes of sprinting instead of almost 15. Use the Nether portal calculator to place a portal at each end.

The fastest long-distance setup

Ice boat roads in the Nether are the fastest practical way to cross a world. A boat on blue ice moves at almost 73 blocks per second, and the Nether's 8× scale makes each of those blocks worth 8 in the Overworld. That's roughly 580 Overworld blocks per second.

Minecraft Sphere and Dome Generator

2026-10-14T00:00:00Z

How to use it

Enter the diameter in blocks.
Choose Sphere for a full ball or Dome for the top half.
Choose a style:
- Thin: the lightest shell, using the fewest blocks. Some blocks touch only at an edge or corner, but there's no gap a player, mob, water or light can get through.
- Thick: adds the blocks needed so every block touches its neighbours along a face. It looks solid and even from inside, at the cost of more blocks.
- Filled: a solid ball, for things like planets or terrain.
Step through the layers with the slider or the Up and Down buttons, building each one before moving up.

The block count for the current layer and the whole shape update as you go.

Building tips

Start at the widest layer. For a dome, the first layer is the full-width circle at the base. Build it on flat ground, then work upward.
Scaffold the inside. Spheres overhang from the middle up. Build a central pillar or scaffolding tower you can stand on, then remove it when you're done.
Mark the centre. The dashed lines show the centre. Put a temporary block there on every layer so your counts stay lined up.
Odd diameters centre on a block, even diameters centre on a seam between blocks. Pick odd if the dome sits over a single feature such as a beacon.
Underwater domes: either style keeps water out. Place the shell first, then remove the water inside with sponges or by filling it with blocks and clearing them.

For flat circles and ovals, use the circle generator. To work out how many stacks or shulker boxes of blocks a big dome needs, use the stack calculator.

Minecraft Smelting and Fuel Calculator

2026-10-14T00:00:00Z

How to use it

Enter how many items you want to smelt, pick your fuel and furnace type, and set how many furnaces you'll run side by side. The calculator shows the fuel to bring, how long the job takes, and whether any fuel goes to waste.

How much each fuel smelts

Fuel	Items smelted	Burn time
Lava bucket	100	1,000 s
Block of coal	80	800 s
Dried kelp block	20	200 s
Blaze rod	12	120 s
Coal or charcoal	8	80 s
Boat	6	60 s
Log, wood or planks	1.5	15 s
Wooden slab	0.75 (Java), 1.5 (Bedrock)	7.5 s (Java)
Stick, sapling or wool	0.5	5 s
Bamboo or scaffolding	0.25	2.5 s

A block of coal smelts 80 items, while the 9 coal it's made from would smelt only 72. Crafting coal into blocks is a free 11% bonus.

Furnace, blast furnace or smoker?

Furnace: 10 seconds per item, smelts anything.
Blast furnace: 5 seconds per item, but only ores, raw metals and metal tools and armor.
Smoker: 5 seconds per item, but only food.

Blast furnaces and smokers burn fuel twice as fast as they smelt, so each piece of fuel still covers the same number of items. You save time, not fuel.

Tips for big jobs

Split across furnaces. Eight furnaces fed by hoppers finish a stack of 64 in 80 seconds instead of over 10 minutes.
Use lava for long jobs. One bucket runs a furnace for over 16 minutes, and you get the bucket back.
Kelp farms are renewable fuel. A dried kelp block smelts 20 items, and kelp grows on its own underwater.
Avoid waste with odd fuels. Fuel that smelts a fractional number of items, like logs (1.5), leaves part of the last piece unused. The calculator shows how much.

Minecraft Map Calculator

2026-10-14T00:00:00Z

How to use it

Enter the coordinates where you'll make or first open the map, and pick a zoom level. The calculator shows the exact area the map covers, its centre, and where the next maps over begin, which is what you need to plan a map wall.

Maps snap to a grid

A map isn't centred on you. The world is divided into an invisible grid of squares, and a new map shows whichever square you're standing in. Every map made anywhere in that square shows the same area.

Zoom level	Area covered	Blocks per pixel
0	128 × 128	1
1	256 × 256	2 × 2
2	512 × 512	4 × 4
3	1,024 × 1,024	8 × 8
4	2,048 × 2,048	16 × 16

At every zoom level, the grid lines fall at −64 plus a whole number of map widths. A zoom 0 map made at X 0, Z 0 covers −64 to 63; a zoom 3 map made there covers −64 to 959.

Building a map wall

Decide the zoom level, then use the calculator to find the first map's area.
Make each next map by standing inside the next grid square. The calculator tells you where the next square to the east and south begins.
Place the maps in item frames in the same layout as the grid. Because every map snaps to the grid, the edges line up with no gaps or overlaps.

Zooming out

Zoom a map out with 1 paper on a cartography table, or by surrounding it with 8 paper on a crafting table. A zoomed-out map keeps the same grid, so it covers the bigger square that contains the original.

Minecraft Hopper Speed Calculator

2026-10-14T00:00:00Z

How to use it

Enter how many items you need to move and how many hoppers work side by side. The calculator shows how long it takes and how many items per hour that setup can move. Enter a farm's output per hour to see how many parallel hopper lines it needs.

How fast is a hopper?

A hopper moves one item every 8 game ticks, or 0.4 seconds:

Time	Items moved by one hopper
1 second	2.5
1 minute	150
1 hour	9,000

A single chest of 1,728 items (27 stacks) takes about 11.5 minutes to empty through one hopper.

Chains and parallel lines

A chain of hoppers is no faster than one. Items pass along at the same 2.5 per second no matter how long the chain is. Length only adds a short delay at the start.
Parallel lines add up. Two hoppers feeding side by side move 5 items a second, ten move 25. To speed up a sorting system or a farm's collection, add more lines, not longer ones.
Watch for overflow. If a farm makes items faster than its hoppers can move them, items pile up and eventually despawn. Enter the farm's output in the calculator above to size the collection system.

Faster options

Water streams and ice paths move dropped items much faster than hoppers and need no redstone. Many large farms use water to gather items into a few hoppers, then run several hopper lines in parallel into storage.

Minecraft Fortune Calculator

2026-10-14T00:00:00Z

How to use it

Pick an ore and enter how many blocks of it you mined or plan to mine. The table shows the average drop per block and the expected total with no Fortune and with Fortune I, II and III.

These are averages. Any single block can drop more or less, but over a few dozen blocks your total will land close to the expected number.

How Fortune works on ores

For most ores, Fortune gives each block a chance to multiply its drops:

Level	Possible multipliers	Average
Fortune I	1× or 2×	1.33×
Fortune II	1×, 2× or 3×	1.75×
Fortune III	1×, 2×, 3× or 4×	2.2×

Ore	Average with no Fortune	With Fortune III
Diamond, coal, emerald, iron, gold, nether quartz	1	2.2
Copper (raw copper)	3.5	7.7
Nether gold (nuggets)	4	8.8
Lapis lazuli	6.5	14.3
Amethyst cluster (shards)	4	8.8
Redstone (dust)	4.5	6

Redstone is the exception: Fortune adds 1 to the most dust a block can drop, rather than multiplying it, so Fortune III only takes it from 4.5 to 6 on average.

Fortune or Silk Touch?

Fortune for diamonds, emeralds, lapis, coal and quartz: you want as many of the item as possible.
Silk Touch when you want the ore block itself, for example to store it and mine it later with Fortune, or for decoration.
Iron and gold: Fortune works on raw iron and raw gold, so a Fortune III pickaxe more than doubles your metal from every vein.

You can't have both on the same pickaxe, so many players keep one of each.

Minecraft Enchantment Order Calculator

2026-10-14T00:00:00Z

How to use it

Pick the item you're enchanting and how many times it has already been through an anvil.
Tick the enchanted books you have, and set each book's level.
Follow the steps in order. Each step tells you what to put in the anvil's left slot (first) and right slot (second), and how many levels it costs.

Enchantments that can't go together, like Sharpness and Smite, or Mending and Infinity, are greyed out once you pick one of them.

Why the order matters

Every time an item or book goes through an anvil, it gets a prior work penalty that's added to the cost of every later combine:

Times through an anvil	Penalty added
0	0 levels
1	1 level
2	3 levels
3	7 levels
4	15 levels
5	31 levels

The penalty doubles and adds one each time. Adding books to your sword one at a time means the sword's penalty keeps climbing, and by the fifth or sixth book a single step can cost more than 39 levels. The anvil then says Too Expensive! and refuses. Merging books with each other first, in pairs, keeps every item's use count low. That's what this calculator works out.

How the cost of each step is calculated

The cost of putting one thing on another is the sum of:

the prior work penalty of the item in the left slot
the prior work penalty of the item in the right slot
for each enchantment on the right-hand item: its level × its multiplier

When the right-hand item is a book, these multipliers apply:

Multiplier	Enchantments
1	Protection, Fire Protection, Feather Falling, Projectile Protection, Sharpness, Smite, Bane of Arthropods, Knockback, Efficiency, Unbreaking, Power, Loyalty, Piercing, Quick Charge, Density
2	Blast Protection, Respiration, Depth Strider, Aqua Affinity, Fire Aspect, Looting, Sweeping Edge, Fortune, Punch, Flame, Luck of the Sea, Lure, Frost Walker, Mending, Impaling, Riptide, Multishot, Wind Burst, Breach
4	Thorns, Silk Touch, Infinity, Channeling, Soul Speed, Swift Sneak

Renaming or repairing in the same step adds extra levels on top. Do those separately, or not at all, to keep the main steps cheap.

Tips

Never rename or repair during the enchanting steps. It adds levels and can push a step over the limit.
Always include Mending if the item takes it. Mending repairs the item from XP orbs, so a fully enchanted item can last forever.
Get max-level books from villagers where you can. Librarian villagers can sell many enchantments at their top level, which saves combining two lower books into one.

The calculator follows Java Edition rules. Bedrock Edition uses slightly different rules, so its costs can differ.

Minecraft Durability, Unbreaking and Mending Calculator

2026-10-14T00:00:00Z

How to use it

Pick an item and its Unbreaking level. The calculator shows its durability, how many uses or hits it lasts on average, and how many experience points Mending needs to fully repair it. Enter how much durability it has left to see the cost of topping it up.

Durability by item

Item	Durability
Netherite tools	2,031
Diamond tools	1,561
Iron tools	250
Stone tools	131
Wooden tools	59
Golden tools	32
Mace	500
Crossbow	465
Elytra	432
Bow	384
Shield	336
Trident	250 (251 in Bedrock)
Shears	238
Fishing rod	64 (384 in Bedrock)

Armor	Helmet	Chestplate	Leggings	Boots
Netherite	407	592	555	481
Diamond	363	528	495	429
Iron or chainmail	165	240	225	195
Gold	77	112	105	91
Leather	55	80	75	65

A turtle shell has 275.

How Unbreaking works

Unbreaking gives each use a chance to cost no durability at all. It works differently on tools and armor:

Level	Tools and weapons last	Armor lasts
I	2× as long	1.25× as long
II	3× as long	1.36× as long
III	4× as long	1.43× as long

On tools, the chance a use costs durability is 1 in (level + 1). On armor, it's 60% plus 40% divided by (level + 1), which is why Unbreaking helps armor much less.

How Mending works

Mending repairs 2 durability for every experience point you pick up while holding or wearing the item. Experience goes to repairs first, and only the leftover goes to your level bar.

A diamond pickaxe from zero takes 781 points to fully repair, about as much as reaching level 23 from nothing. In practice, items rarely run down that far: mining, farming and fighting keep them topped up.

Tips

Mending on everything you use daily means you'll almost never need a new tool again.
Unbreaking III plus Mending is the standard pair: Unbreaking slows the wear, Mending undoes it.
Repairing one item fast: XP goes to a random damaged Mending item you have equipped or in hand. Put the other damaged ones away and only the item you need gets repaired.

Minecraft Day and Night Cycle Calculator

2026-10-14T00:00:00Z

How to use it

Enter a time in ticks, drag the slider, or tap one of the common times. The calculator shows the in-game clock, whether you can sleep, whether monsters can spawn outdoors, and how long until that changes. Open the converter to turn a number of in-game days into real time.

To see the current time in a Java world, use /time query daytime.

How long is a Minecraft day?

A full day and night lasts 20 real minutes, or 24,000 ticks. The game runs at 20 ticks per second, and tick 0 is 6:00 in the morning.

Tick	Clock	`/time set`
0	06:00	`/time set 0`
1,000	07:00	`/time set day`
6,000	12:00	`/time set noon`
12,000	18:00	`/time set 12000`
13,000	19:00	`/time set night`
18,000	00:00	`/time set midnight`

When you can sleep

In clear weather you can use a bed from tick 12,542 until 23,460. In rain, beds work a little earlier and later: from 12,010 to 23,992. During a thunderstorm you can sleep at any time.

When monsters spawn

In clear weather, hostile mobs can spawn on the surface from tick 13,188 until 22,812, about 8 minutes of real time. Rain darkens the sky enough that they start a little earlier, from 12,969 until 23,031.

Monsters can always spawn in dark places such as caves, at any time of day.

Minecraft Chunk Calculator

2026-10-14T00:00:00Z

How to use it

Enter a block's X and Z coordinates. The calculator shows which chunk the block is in, where it sits inside that chunk, the coordinates of the chunk's corners, and which region file stores it.

What a chunk is

The world is divided into chunks: columns 16 blocks wide, 16 blocks long, and the full height of the world. The game loads, saves and updates the world one chunk at a time.

Value	How it's calculated
Chunk X, Z	block X ÷ 16 and block Z ÷ 16, rounded down
Position inside the chunk	the remainder, from 0 to 15
First block of the chunk	chunk X × 16, chunk Z × 16
Region file (Java)	chunk X ÷ 32 and chunk Z ÷ 32, rounded down, saved as r.X.Z.mca. Bedrock stores worlds differently.

Rounding down matters for negative numbers: block X −1 is in chunk −1, not chunk 0.

Why chunks matter

Farms and redstone: chunks only update while they're loaded. Keep a machine inside one chunk where you can, so half of it never stops while the other half runs.
Slime chunks: slimes spawn below Y 40 only in certain chunks. Knowing chunk borders helps you build a slime farm that fills the whole chunk.
Spawn chunks: in Java Edition, chunks around the world spawn point stay loaded even when no one is near, which makes them popular for farms.
World editing: tools that copy, trim or reset parts of a world usually work in whole chunks or region files.

Seeing chunk borders in game

In Java Edition, press F3 + G to show chunk borders, and the F3 screen shows the chunk you're standing in. In Bedrock Edition, the coordinates display shows your position, and this calculator gives the chunk.

Minecraft Brewing Calculator and Potion Recipes

2026-10-14T00:00:00Z

How to use it

Pick a potion, whether you want the normal, extended or stronger version, and whether it's for drinking, throwing or a lingering cloud. Enter how many you need. The calculator lists every brewing step in order and a shopping list of everything to gather, including glass bottles' worth of water and blaze powder for fuel.

How brewing works

Fill glass bottles with water and put up to 3 in the bottom slots of a brewing stand.
Put blaze powder in the fuel slot. One blaze powder runs 20 brews.
Add ingredients one at a time in the top slot. Each takes 20 seconds and changes all three bottles at once.

Almost every potion starts with nether wart, which turns water into an Awkward Potion. The effect ingredient goes in next, then any modifiers.

Potion recipes

Potion	Ingredient (added to an Awkward Potion)	Extended	Stronger
Fire Resistance	Magma cream	8:00	—
Healing	Glistering melon slice	—	Healing II
Leaping	Rabbit's foot	8:00	Leaping II
Night Vision	Golden carrot	8:00	—
Poison	Spider eye	1:30	Poison II
Regeneration	Ghast tear	1:30	Regeneration II
Slow Falling	Phantom membrane	4:00	—
Strength	Blaze powder	8:00	Strength II
Swiftness	Sugar	8:00	Swiftness II
Turtle Master	Turtle shell	0:40	Turtle Master II
Water Breathing	Pufferfish	8:00	—
Infestation	Stone	—	—
Oozing	Slime block	—	—
Weaving	Cobweb	—	—
Wind Charging	Breeze rod	—	—

Corrupted potions

A fermented spider eye flips some potions into their opposite:

Start with	Add fermented spider eye	Get
Healing	→	Harming
Swiftness	→	Slowness
Night Vision	→	Invisibility
Water bottle	→	Weakness

Weakness is the only potion that doesn't need nether wart.

Modifiers

Redstone dust makes the effect last longer.
Glowstone dust makes it stronger but shorter. A potion can be extended or strengthened, not both.
Gunpowder turns any potion into a splash potion you can throw. The duration stays the same.
Dragon's breath turns a splash potion into a lingering potion that leaves a cloud. The effect lasts a quarter as long.

Minecraft Beacon Pyramid Calculator

2026-10-14T00:00:00Z

How to use it

Pick the pyramid level and the block you'll build with. The calculator shows how many blocks you need, how many ingots or gems that is, the beacon's range, and each layer's size from the top down.

Pyramid sizes

Level	Layers	Blocks	Range (Java)	Powers
1	3×3	9	20 blocks	Speed, Haste
2	5×5, 3×3	34	30 blocks	adds Resistance, Jump Boost
3	7×7, 5×5, 3×3	83	40 blocks	adds Strength
4	9×9, 7×7, 5×5, 3×3	164	50 blocks	adds Regeneration, or level II of your main power

The beacon itself sits on top of the 3×3 layer. Nothing solid can be above it, though glass is fine.

Which block to use

Iron, gold, emerald, diamond and netherite blocks all work, and you can mix them freely. The block type is purely cosmetic: a pyramid of iron is exactly as strong as one of netherite. Iron is the cheapest by far, especially with an iron farm.

Tips

Range is measured from the beacon in each horizontal direction, so a level 4 beacon covers an area about 100 blocks across.
In Bedrock Edition the range is one block larger to the north and west, and effects last a second less per refresh.
Beacons can share pyramid blocks. Placed side by side, several beacons can sit on one slightly wider base, each with its own power.
Activate it with an offering. Pay one iron ingot, gold ingot, emerald, diamond or netherite ingot in the beacon menu to choose a power.

Minecraft Armor and Damage Calculator

2026-10-14T00:00:00Z

How to use it

Choose the material and protection enchantment for each armor piece, enter how much damage the hit would do, and pick the damage type. The calculator shows how much damage you actually take, in health points and hearts, and how much your armor and enchantments each block.

Damage is in health points: a player has 20, shown as 10 hearts.

Armor points by material

Material	Helmet	Chestplate	Leggings	Boots	Full set	Toughness per piece
Leather	1	3	2	1	7	0
Gold	2	5	3	1	11	0
Chainmail	2	5	4	1	12	0
Iron	2	6	5	2	15	0
Diamond	3	8	6	3	20	2
Netherite	3	8	6	3	20	3

A turtle shell gives 2 armor points as a helmet.

How armor reduces damage

Armor points can block up to 80% of a hit, at 4% per point. Big hits punch through: the harder the hit, the less your armor blocks. Toughness (diamond and netherite only) slows that down, so heavy hits are blocked better.

The formula Minecraft uses, with armor as total armor points and toughness as total toughness:

Step	Formula
Armor value	the larger of armor ÷ 5 and armor − 4 × damage ÷ (toughness + 8), capped at 20
Damage after armor	damage × (1 − armor value ÷ 25)

How protection enchantments help

Each protection enchantment adds protection points (EPF) against certain damage:

Enchantment	Points per level	Works against
Protection	1	Almost everything
Projectile Protection	2	Arrows, tridents, fireballs
Blast Protection	2	Explosions
Fire Protection	2	Fire and lava
Feather Falling (boots)	3	Falling

Points from all your armor are added up, to a maximum of 20. Each point blocks 4% of the damage left after armor, so the most enchantments can block is 80%.

Tips

Protection IV on all four pieces gives 16 points against everything: 64% off what gets past your armor.
Feather Falling IV plus Protection IV on the rest reaches the 20-point cap for falls. Falls ignore armor points, so this is the only protection you get.
Netherite beats diamond on big hits only. For small hits both block the same, because toughness only matters once a hit is strong enough to punch through.

Minecraft XP Calculator

2026-10-13T00:00:00Z

How to use it

Levels to XP: enter the level you're at and the level you want. The calculator shows how many experience points you need to collect.
XP points to level: enter a total number of experience points to see which level that is and how far you are toward the next one.

Why higher levels cost so much more

Each level costs more experience than the one before it, and the cost rises faster after level 15 and again after level 30. Going from 0 to 30 takes 1,395 points, but going from 30 to 40 takes another 1,525.

The formulas Minecraft uses for the total experience needed to reach a level:

Level	Total experience
0–16	level² + 6 × level
17–31	2.5 × level² − 40.5 × level + 360
32 and up	4.5 × level² − 162.5 × level + 2,220

And for the experience needed to go from one level to the next:

Current level	Points to the next level
0–15	2 × level + 7
16–30	5 × level − 38
31 and up	9 × level − 158

Reference table

Level	Total XP	XP to next level
1	7	9
5	55	17
10	160	27
15	315	37
16	352	42
17	394	47
20	550	62
25	910	87
30	1,395	112
31	1,507	121
32	1,628	130
40	2,920	202
50	5,345	292
100	30,970	742

Tips for enchanting

The best enchanting table option needs you to be level 30, but it only takes 3 levels. Dropping from 30 to 27 costs 306 points, much less than the 1,395 it took to reach 30. Enchanting whenever you reach 30 gets the most out of your experience.
Don't save up levels far past 30 for enchanting. Each level above 30 costs more, and you can't spend more than 3 levels at an enchanting table anyway.
Dying drops only a small part of your experience. In Java Edition you drop 7 points per level, up to a maximum of 100 points, so spend levels before risky trips.

Minecraft Stack Calculator

2026-10-13T00:00:00Z

How to use it

Enter how many items you have, or how many a build needs, and pick the stack size. The calculator shows how many stacks that is and how many shulker boxes, chests and double chests it fills.

To go the other way, open Convert the other way and enter shulker boxes, stacks and loose items to get a total.

Stack sizes

Stack size	Examples
64	Most blocks, ingots, food, arrows
16	Ender pearls, snowballs, eggs, signs, empty buckets, banners
1	Tools, weapons, armor, potions, filled buckets, beds, shulker boxes

How much each container holds

Container	Slots	Items at 64 per stack
Hopper	5	320
Dispenser or dropper	9	576
Chest, barrel, shulker box or ender chest	27	1,728
Player inventory (not counting armor and offhand)	36	2,304
Double chest	54	3,456

Big storage numbers

One shulker box full of 64-stacks holds 1,728 items.
A double chest full of full shulker boxes holds 93,312 items: 54 boxes × 27 stacks × 64.
Shulker boxes can't be put inside other shulker boxes, so a double chest of shulker boxes is the usual unit for really large storage.

Minecraft Nether Portal Calculator

2026-10-13T00:00:00Z

How to use it

Stand where you want your Overworld portal and read your coordinates. In Java Edition, press F3 and look at the XYZ line. In Bedrock Edition, turn on Show Coordinates in the world settings.
Type X and Z into the Overworld box. The Nether box shows where to build the matching portal.
Go through any portal into the Nether, travel to those coordinates, and build and light the second portal there.

It works the other way too: type Nether coordinates to find the matching spot in the Overworld.

The formula

The Nether is scaled 1:8 against the Overworld on the horizontal axes. Height is not scaled.

Direction	X	Y	Z
Overworld to Nether	X ÷ 8, rounded down	unchanged	Z ÷ 8, rounded down
Nether to Overworld	X × 8	unchanged	Z × 8

"Rounded down" means toward negative infinity, which matters for negative coordinates: −77 ÷ 8 is −9.625, which rounds down to −10, not −9.

Overworld X, Z	Nether X, Z
1000, −2400	125, −300
−77, 300	−10, 37
5000, 5000	625, 625

Why portals link to the wrong place

When you step through a portal, the game first looks for an existing portal near the converted coordinates. It only builds a new one if it finds nothing.

Edition	Search distance in the Overworld	Search distance in the Nether
Java	128 blocks	16 blocks
Bedrock	128 blocks	128 blocks

If it finds more than one portal, it uses the closest. That causes the classic problem: you build a second Overworld portal, walk through, and arrive at your first Nether portal. In Bedrock the Nether search covers 128 Nether blocks, which is about 1,000 Overworld blocks, so this happens a lot.

The fix is to build both sides yourself, using the calculator. A portal at the exact converted coordinates is always the closest one, so it always wins.

Portal frame sizes

A portal frame is a rectangle of obsidian, at least 4 blocks wide and 5 tall, and at most 23 by 23. The corner blocks are optional, so the smallest portal needs only 10 obsidian.

Travel tips

Every block you walk in the Nether covers 8 in the Overworld. A 1,000-block trip in the Overworld is 125 blocks in the Nether.
The Nether is only 128 blocks tall and has a bedrock ceiling, so pick a sensible height for your Nether portal. Only X and Z need to match.
Write your portal coordinates down, or put them on a sign next to each portal. It makes a hub of linked portals much easier to manage.

Minecraft Circle Generator

2026-10-13T00:00:00Z

How to use it

Enter the width of your circle in blocks. To make an oval, untick Keep it a circle and set the height too.
Pick a style:
- Thin: the outline steps diagonally from block to block, so some blocks touch only at their corners. It uses the fewest blocks and looks smoothest from far away. There's still no gap a player, mob or water can get through.
- Thick: every block touches the next along a full side. It uses more blocks but reads as a solid, even wall from both inside and out.
- Filled: the whole disc, for floors, ponds and the layers of a dome.
Hover over or tap the preview to see the column and row of any block, and how many blocks that row has.

Odd or even sizes?

Odd widths (like 21) have a single middle block. Easy to centre on a pillar, a beacon or a doorway.
Even widths (like 20) have no middle block: the centre falls on the seam between two blocks. Use these when the middle needs to be 2 blocks wide, such as a two-block entrance.

The dashed lines in the preview mark the centre, either through the middle block or along the seam.

Building tips

Build one quarter, then mirror it. A circle is symmetrical, so count the blocks in one quarter from the preview and repeat it, flipped, for the other three.
Mark the centre first. Place a temporary block at the centre, then count outward along each row.
Use a scaffold line. Run a straight line of blocks across the full width, through the centre, before building the outline. It catches counting mistakes early.
For domes, stack filled circles that get smaller as you go up, and keep each layer's size odd or even to match the base.

Blockwise

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